Albert Claude

About Albert Claude

Who is it?: Cell Biologist
Birth Day: August 24, 1899
Birth Place: Longlier, Neufchâteau, Belgium, Belgian
Citizenship: Belgium and Naturalised American
Alma mater: University of Liège
Known for: Cell fractionation Electron microscopy in biology
Awards: Louisa Gross Horwitz Prize in 1970 Paul Ehrlich and Ludwig Darmstaedter Prize in 1971 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine in 1974
Fields: Cell biology
Institutions: Rockefeller University Institut Jules Bordet Université Libre de Bruxelles Université catholique de Louvain

Albert Claude

Albert Claude was born on August 24, 1899 in Longlier, Neufchâteau, Belgium, Belgian, is Cell Biologist. Albert Claude was a Belgian-American cytologist and medical doctor who through his extensive research evolved the fundamental procedures of separating living cell to determine its components. His revolutionary work in cytology was initiated by way of his enduring interest in cancer research. He applied advanced biochemical and biophysical procedures including enzyme mapping, electron microscopy and differential high speed centrifugation among others to evolve a method of cell fractionation. His path breaking discovery includes the agent of the Rous sarcoma and the cell organelles constituents like the chloroplast, ribosome, endoplasmic reticulum, lysosome and mitochondrion. His research in cytology established the intricate structural and functional cell properties. The details of specific aspects of cell structure were first published by him. His achievements in cytology that party form a base of modern cell biology garnered him the ‘Nobel Prize’ for Physiology or Medicine in 1974, that he shared with his student George Palade, and Christian de Duve. He served as the Professor of the ‘Rockefeller University’, the ‘Université catholique de Louvain’ and the ‘Université Libre de Bruxelles’. He remained Director of the ‘Laboratoire de Biologie Cellulaire et Cancérologie in Louvain-la-Neuve’. He was also the Director of the ‘Jules Bordet Institute for Cancer Research and Treatment’.
Albert Claude is a member of Scientists

Does Albert Claude Dead or Alive?

As per our current Database, Albert Claude has been died on 22 May 1983(1983-05-22) (aged 83)\nBrussels, Belgium.

🎂 Albert Claude - Age, Bio, Faces and Birthday

When Albert Claude die, Albert Claude was 83 years old.

Popular As Albert Claude
Occupation Scientists
Age 83 years old
Zodiac Sign Virgo
Born August 24, 1899 (Longlier, Neufchâteau, Belgium, Belgian)
Birthday August 24
Town/City Longlier, Neufchâteau, Belgium, Belgian
Nationality Belgian

🌙 Zodiac

Albert Claude’s zodiac sign is Virgo. According to astrologers, Virgos are always paying attention to the smallest details and their deep sense of humanity makes them one of the most careful signs of the zodiac. Their methodical approach to life ensures that nothing is left to chance, and although they are often tender, their heart might be closed for the outer world. This is a sign often misunderstood, not because they lack the ability to express, but because they won’t accept their feelings as valid, true, or even relevant when opposed to reason. The symbolism behind the name speaks well of their nature, born with a feeling they are experiencing everything for the first time.

🌙 Chinese Zodiac Signs

Albert Claude was born in the Year of the Pig. Those born under the Chinese Zodiac sign of the Pig are extremely nice, good-mannered and tasteful. They’re perfectionists who enjoy finer things but are not perceived as snobs. They enjoy helping others and are good companions until someone close crosses them, then look out! They’re intelligent, always seeking more knowledge, and exclusive. Compatible with Rabbit or Goat.

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Biography/Timeline

1899

Albert Claude was born in 1899 (but according to civil register 1898) in Longlier, a hamlet in Neufchâteau, Belgium, to Florentin Joseph Claude and Marie-Glaudice Watriquant Claude. He was the youngest among three brothers and one sister. His Father was a Paris-trained baker and run a bakery-cum-general store at Longlier valley near railroad station. His mother, who developed breast cancer in 1902, died when he was seven years old. He spent his pre-school life with his ailing mother. He started education in Longlier Primary School, a pluralistic school of single room, mixed grades, and all under one Teacher. In spite of the inconveniences, he remarked the education system as "excellent." He served as a bell boy, ringing church bell every morning at 6. Due to economic depression the family moved to Athus, a prosperous region with steel mills, in 1907. He entered German-speaking school. After two years he was asked to look after his uncle who was disabled with cerebral haemorrhage in Longlier. He dropped out of school and practically nursed his uncle for several years. At the outbreak of the First World War he was apprenticed to steel mills and worked as an industrial designer. Inspired by Winston Churchill, then British Minister of War, he joined the resistance and volunteered in British Intelligence Service in which he served during the whole war. At the end of the war he was decorated with the Interallied Medal along with veteran status. He then wanted to continue education. Since he had no formal secondary education, particularly required for Medicine course, such as in Greek and Latin, he tried to join School of Mining in Liège. By that time Marcel Florkin became head of the Direction of Higher Education in Belgium’s Ministry of Public Instruction, and under his administration passed the law that enabled war veterans to pursue higher education without diploma or other examinations. As an honour to his war Service, he was given admission to the University of Liège in 1922 to study Medicine. He obtained his degree of Doctor of Medicine in 1928.

1928

Claude received travel grants from Belgian government for his doctoral thesis on the transplantation of mouse cancers into rats. With this he worked his postdoctoral research in Berlin during the winter of 1928–1929, first at the Institut für Krebsforschung, and then at the Kaiser Wilhelm Institute for Biology, Dahlem, in the laboratory of tissues culture of Prof. Albert Fischer. Back in Belgium he received fellowship in 1929 from the Belgian American Educational Foundation (Commission for Relief in Belgium, CRB) for research in the United States. He applied for the Rockefeller Institute (now the Rockefeller University) in New York, USA. Simon Flexner, then Director, accepted his proposal to work on the isolation and identification of the Rous sarcoma virus. In September 1929 he joined the Rockefeller Institute. In 1930, he discovered the process of cell fractionation, which was groundbreaking in his time. The process consists of grinding up cells to break the membrane and release the cell's contents. He then filtered out the cell membranes and placed the remaining cell contents in a centrifuge to separate them according to mass. He divided the centrifuged contents into fractions, each of a specific mass, and discovered that particular fractions were responsible for particular cell functions. In 1938 he identified and purified for the first time component of Rous sarcoma virus, the causal agent of carcinoma, as "ribose nucleoprotein" (eventually named RNA). He was the first to use electron microscope to study biological cells. Earlier electron microscopes were used only in physical researches. His first electron microscopic study was on the structure of mitochondria in 1945. He was given American citizenship in 1941. He discovered that mitochondria are the "power houses" of all cells. He also discovered cytoplasmic granules full of RNA and named them "microsomes", which were later renamed ribosomes, the protein synthesizing machineries of cell. With his associate, Keith Porter, he found a "lace-work" structure that was eventually proven to be the major structural feature of the interior of all eukaryotic cells. This was the discovery of endoplasmic reticulum (a Latin for "fishnet").

1935

He married Julia Gilder in 1935, with whom he had a daughter Philippa. They got divorced while at Rockefeller. Philippa became a neuroscientist and married Antony Stretton.

1949

In 1949, he became Director of the Jules Bordet Institute for Cancer Research and Treatment (Institut Jules Bordet) and Professor at the Faculty of Medicine of the University of Brussels (Université Libre de Bruxelles), where he was Emeritus in 1971. In the mid sixties during an Electron Microscopy symposium in (Bratislava)-(Czechoslovakia) organized by the (UNESCO) at the Czechoslovak Academy of Sciences, he meets young scientist Dr. Emil Mrena who was at that time head of the Electron Microscopy department. He invited him to come and work with him in Brussels, making it possible for Dr. Mrena's family to escape the communist regime. Their close collaboration gave fruition to 5 publications from 1969 to 1974. With the support of his colleague and friend Christian de Duve, he became in 1972 Professor at the Catholic University of Louvain (Université catholique de Louvain) and Director of the "Laboratoire de Biologie Cellulaire et Cancérologie" in Louvain-la-Neuve where he moved with Dr. Emil Mrena as sole collaborator. At the same time, he was appointed Professor at the Rockefeller University, an institution with which he had remained connected, in different degrees, since 1929.

1970

Claude served as Director at Jules Bordet Institute for Cancer Research and Treatment and Laboratoire de Biologie Cellulaire et Cancérologie in Louvain-la-Neuve; Professor at Université Libre de Bruxelles (University of Brussels), Université catholique de Louvain, and Rockefeller University. For his pioneering works he received the Louisa Gross Horwitz Prize in 1970, together with George Palade and Keith Porter, the Paul Ehrlich and Ludwig Darmstaedter Prize in 1971, and the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine in 1974 with his student George Palade and friend Christian de Duve.

1983

After his retirement in 1971 from the University of Brussels and from the directorship of the Institut Jules Bordet, he continued his research at the Catholic University of Louvain with his collaborator Dr. Emil Mrena, who ended up resigning in 1977 due to decreasing activity of the Laboratory, moving to other research works. It is said that he continued his research in seclusion until he died of natural causes, at his home in Brussels, on Sunday night on 22 May 1983, but he had stopped visiting his own laboratory in Louvain already in 1976 due to his weak health.

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